
IBS: Symptoms, Causes, and How ENTEROSGEL® Can Help
1) Understanding IBS
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gut conditions, affecting around 10–15% of people in the UK. While some experience only mild symptoms, for many IBS is severe and life-changing. It can control daily life, disrupt work, affect relationships, and cause high levels of stress and anxiety.
IBS is not “just stress” or “in your head.” It is a recognised disorder of gut–brain interaction, with measurable changes in the gut and nervous system that explain why symptoms are so real and often so intense.
2) Symptoms and Diagnosis of IBS
The hallmark symptoms of IBS include:
⚛︎ Abdominal pain and cramping
⚛︎ Diarrhoea, constipation, or a mix of both
⚛︎ Bloating, gas, and discomfort
⚛︎ Urgency — rushing to the toilet, sometimes with fear of accidents
⚛︎ A sensation of incomplete emptying
Doctors diagnose IBS based on symptoms, once other conditions such as coeliac disease or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are ruled out. For many patients, the frustrating part is being told all their tests are “normal” while they still live with debilitating symptoms.

Physiological Causes of IBS
Research has identified several biological changes in the gut that contribute to IBS:
⚛︎ Immune activation: low-grade inflammation in the gut lining.
⚛︎ Microbiome imbalance: changes in gut bacteria and how they interact with the body.
⚛︎ Visceral hypersensitivity: over-sensitive gut nerves that send amplified pain and urgency signals to the brain.
⚛︎ Altered motility: bowel movements may be too fast (leading to diarrhoea) or too slow (causing constipation).
These physiological changes explain why IBS is a genuine medical condition and why symptoms persist for years if untreated.
Severity and Impact of IBS:
IBS can range from inconvenient to completely debilitating. Severe IBS-D (diarrhoea-predominant IBS) can mean going to the toilet 10–20 times per day. This leads to:
⚛︎ Fatigue and poor sleep
⚛︎ Anxiety and depression
⚛︎ Missed work and social withdrawal
⚛︎ Restricted diets, fear of eating out, or fear of travel
For many, the burden of IBS is equivalent to living with a chronic condition like diabetes or heart disease.
Potential Causes and Triggers of IBS:
IBS often begins after a trigger event that changes the gut permanently, such as:
⚛︎ A gut infection (known as post-infectious IBS, affecting around 1 in 10 after severe gastroenteritis).
⚛︎ Surgery, which can disrupt gut and immune function.
⚛︎ Medications that affect digestion.
⚛︎ Food sensitivities (certain foods worsen bloating, pain, or diarrhoea).
⚛︎ Stress and anxiety — not the cause of IBS, but often worsening existing symptoms.
